Final answer:
In a large population without mutations, migration, random mating, and equal chances of reproduction, the population will likely remain in genetic equilibrium according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
Step-by-step explanation:
If within a large population no mutations occur, no migration occurs, all mating is random, and each individual has an equal chance of reproducing, it is probable that the population would reach or maintain a state known as genetic equilibrium. This concept is illustrated by the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which states that under certain conditions, allele frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation. These conditions include no mutation, no migration, a very large population size, random mating, and no natural selection. Assuming all of these conditions are met, the genetic makeup of the population would remain unchanged over time.
However, it's important to note that in reality, complete genetic equilibrium is rare because evolutionary forces are typically present in natural populations. Factors such as genetic drift, mutation, gene flow, and natural selection routinely disrupt genetic equilibrium. Genetic drift, for example, can significantly influence allele frequencies in small populations and can lead to the loss or fixation of alleles. On the other hand, a very large population size is less susceptible to genetic drift, but it's still influenced by other evolutionary forces.