Final answer:
In male-male comat observed in marine iguanas, males tend to grow to sizes that exceed the optimal size for survival to sexual selection pressures\
Step-by-step explanation:
Sexual selection is the process where certain traits are favored because they increase an individual's chances of mating. In this case, larger size in males may make them more successful in competing with other males for mates. Despite the potential disadvantages of larger size, such as higher energy requirements and increased visibility to predators, the reproductive benefits outweigh the costs.
One possible explanation for why larger size is favored in male-male combat is that it may confer a competitive advantage. Larger males may have more physical strength and dominance, allowing them to win fights and secure access to mates. Additionally, larger size may signal overall health and fitness to females, making them more attractive as mates.
It's important to note that these observations are specific to marine iguanas and may not apply to other species or contexts. The evolutionary pressures and factors influencing size in different species can vary. Therefore in male-male combat observed in marine iguanas, males tend to grow to sizes that exceed the optimal size for survival due to sexual selection pressures. Larger size may confer a competitive advantage during combat and signal fitness to potential mates.