Final answer:
The incorrect statement about immunological memory is option (a), stating that Memory T cells will not be of the same type as they were during the primary immune response. Memory cells are antigen-specific cells that retain the ability to become the same type of effector cell upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.
Step-by-step explanation:
Incorrect Statement About Immunological Memory
The correct answer to the student's question is option (a): Memory T cells will not be of the same type as they were during the primary immune response. This statement is incorrect because memory T cells and B cells are specific to the antigens they have previously encountered, and upon re-exposure to the same pathogen, they can rapidly become effector cells that are of the same type as they were during the primary immune response.
Option (b) states that a small population of plasma cells will still secrete pathogen-specific antibody after the pathogen is cleared. This statement is correct, as some plasma cells can live in the bone marrow for years, continuing to produce antibodies against the pathogen.
In option (c), the statement that Effector B cells are expected to outnumber memory cells during a primary immune response is accurate, considering that during an initial infection, the immune system produces a large number of effector cells to fight off the invading pathogen.
Lastly, option (d) is correct in stating that Memory T and B cells are produced in secondary lymphoid tissue. Secondary lymphoid organs provide a conducive environment for the activation and proliferation of immune cells, including memory cells following antigen exposure.