Final answer:
The first U.S. hospital was not Massachusetts General, but Pennsylvania Hospital established in 1751. The first Black-operated hospital was Provident Hospital in Chicago, and Spelman College opened the first Black nursing school.
false.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Massachusetts General was the first U.S. hospital is false. The first hospital in the United States was actually the Pennsylvania Hospital, founded in 1751 in Philadelphia. Massachusetts General Hospital, although an early and significant hospital, was founded later in 1811. Regarding other historical claims, it is true that Francis Cabot Lowell built the first integrated textile mill in New England around 1814, and Benjamin Franklin did indeed establish the first known abolitionist society in America in 1775.
The history of healthcare for African Americans includes numerous noteworthy milestones. The Provident Hospital in Chicago, founded in 1891, was the first Black-operated hospital in the nation. It had the first interracial staff, the first training space for Black nurses, and was where one of the earliest open-heart surgeries occurred. Spelman College opened the first Black nursing school in 1881. These strides were a significant part of the broader healthcare establishment seen after the U.S. Civil War; one example being the Freedmen's Bureau, which set up 45 hospitals by 1867.