Final answer:
The assertion that equality, non-equality, and self-joins are categorized as outer joins is incorrect. Outer joins, such as LEFT OUTER JOIN, RIGHT OUTER JOIN, and FULL OUTER JOIN, are specific types of joins that include returning all rows from one table with matching or null columns from another, whereas self-joins are a table joined with itself.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'Equality, non-equality, and self-joins are broadly categorized as outer joins.' is false. In SQL, joins are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. There are several types of joins: INNER JOIN, LEFT OUTER JOIN, RIGHT OUTER JOIN, FULL OUTER JOIN, CROSS JOIN, and SELF JOIN. An INNER JOIN returns only the rows with matching values in both tables, while outer joins (which include LEFT OUTER JOIN, RIGHT OUTER JOIN, and FULL OUTER JOIN) are used to return all rows from one table (LEFT or RIGHT) and the matching rows from the other, with NULLs in place where the join condition is not met. A SELF JOIN is a regular join, but the table is joined with itself.