Final answer:
An autoreceptor is the receptor on the axon terminal that responds to neurotransmitters released from that same axon terminal, playing a role in negative feedback regulation of neurotransmitter release.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of receptor present on the axon terminal that responds to the release of neurotransmitter from that same axon terminal is known as an autoreceptor. Autoreceptors are a special type of receptor that is located on the neuron that releases the neurotransmitter.
Their role is to monitor the amount of neurotransmitter released and to regulate subsequent neurotransmitter release, functioning in a negative feedback mechanism.
When an action potential arrives at the axon terminal, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft and can bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
However, some of the neurotransmitters can also bind to autoreceptors on the presynaptic neuron. Upon binding to these autoreceptors, the neuron can diminish or halt further neurotransmitter release, thus modulating the signal transmitted to the postsynaptic cell.