Final answer:
DNA, RNA, and proteins are separated differently during gel electrophoresis. DNA is separated based on size, RNA is denatured prior to electrophoresis and separated based on size, and proteins can be separated based on size or both size and charge.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gel electrophoresis is a technique commonly used to separate biological molecules based on size and biochemical characteristics. DNA, RNA, and proteins are separated differently during gel electrophoresis.
DNA is separated based on size, with smaller fragments moving faster through the gel, while RNA is separated based on size as well but is usually denatured prior to electrophoresis. Proteins can be separated based on size using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) or based on both size and charge through the use of two-dimensional PAGE.