During the Arctic summer, snow geese return to their breeding grounds on the tundra, where they eat lichens and plants, including mosses and grasses. Arctic foxes prey on snow geese, primarily by eating their eggs and young goslings. Snowy owls prey on Arctic foxes, and when they nest in the same area as snow geese, their presence lowers goose predation. Wolves are a known predator of snowy owls in the Arctic tundra ecosystem.
a) Primary Consumer - Snow goose
b) Secondary Consumer - Arctic fox
c) Tertiary Consumer - Snowy owl
d) Quaternary Consumer - Wolf