Final answer:
Neurons that release acetylcholine are called cholinergic neurons, playing a vital role in neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neurons that synthesize and release acetylcholine (ACh) are called cholinergic neurons. This refers to both the fact that these neurons release acetylcholine and to the class of receptors, either nicotinic or muscarinic, that the neurotransmitter binds to. The action of acetylcholine at the cholinergic synapse is critical for the transmission of signals in the autonomic nervous system, where it can activate all ganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
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