Final answer:
Kinesin moves cargo towards the plus end of microtubules (anterograde transport), while dynein moves cargo towards the minus end (retrograde transport), both important for neural function and intracellular transport.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kinesin and dynein are motor proteins that play crucial roles in intracellular transport by moving cargo along microtubules within cells. Kinesin typically moves cargo towards the plus end of microtubules, known as anterograde transport, while dynein moves things towards the minus end, known as retrograde transport.
These processes are essential for maintaining cellular function, with kinesin and dynein being powered by the hydrolysis of ATP. Dysfunction in these motor proteins can lead to neurological diseases and other cellular dysfunctions. This remarkable system is a key component of cellular transport mechanisms.