Final answer:
Choices are justified based on a set of values, which may be influenced by personal, societal, or religious beliefs. Different incentives can alter the process of decision-making, which must consider both the future results and the unintended consequences of the choices. Logical reasoning is fundamental for justification, which can be grounded in various philosophical arguments and evidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question "What justifies the choice and what are the reasons to support the decision, based on values? What choice(s) cannot be justified?" revolves around the concept of moral and ethical decision-making. Justifying a choice involves providing reasons that are grounded in a set of values or principles, which could be personal, societal, or universal. People often base their decisions on incentives, and if incentives were different, it might lead to a different choice. A well-justified choice should consider the potential future results and unintended consequences.
Values are essential as they influence choices and actions. They span across various foundations such as divine law, nature, society, politics, and personal morals. Decisions are often justified using logic and reasoning, both internally and externally. For example, a person might justify the decision to read a significant novel because it contributes to a broader understanding of cultural or societal issues.
Different philosophical arguments, like the ontological or cosmological, provide various viewpoints on the existence and nature of values, especially in relation to the divine. Whether these arguments are necessary for a person believing in God depends on their approach to faith and reasoning. However, values and the justifications for our choices are woven into the very fabric of human society and our daily interactions.