Final answer:
Playboy challenged 1950s gender norms primarily by privileging the heterosexual male gaze and promoting a lifestyle that celebrated male pleasure outside of marriage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Playboy magazine, which launched in 1953, played a significant role in challenging the gender norms of the 1950s. One of the primary ways it did so was by privileging the heterosexual male gaze. In an era where the media often reinforced that sexuality should conform to heteronormative expectations, Playboy depicted a lifestyle that celebrated and normalized men's pursuit of pleasure outside the confines of marriage.
Moreover, the magazine contributed to a discussion that critiqued the traditional expectation that all heterosexual men would inevitably want to settle into marriage and fatherhood. This was a bold stance against the prevalent notion that men's sexual desires should lead to procreation and a nuclear family structure. While there is an argument to be made that Playboy might have extended the scope of hegemonic masculinity to include a wider demographic of men, such as sexually active Black men and older white men, its primary impact was the celebration of a bachelor lifestyle that included casual and pre-marital sex.