Final answer:
The correct option is d) Transportation planning.
Transportation planning optimizes the supply chain by choosing the best routes and transport modes to keep costs low and meet deadlines. This involves consideration of efficient locations, scale of operation, and the leverage of technological advancements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factor that optimizes resources to move materials and goods within supply chains to minimize cost while meeting deadline constraints is d) Transportation planning. This aspect of supply chain management entails selecting the most efficient routes and modes of transportation. It ensures that finished goods are moved efficiently over potential congestions in street networks or freeways, which could lead to increased costs and reduced profits. Ideal locations are typically near less congested freeways or areas with access to rail or water transport, increasing cost-effectiveness.
Furthermore, with technological advancements and improved transportation methods, supply chain issues can be better managed, potentially decreasing costs while meeting demands. The labor force also plays a crucial role in the supply chain, as their rights and well-being directly impact production and distribution efficiency.
Incorporating economies of scale is an essential strategy within transportation planning, as increased output can often decrease the cost per unit. Utilizing larger scale operations as seen in warehouse stores like Costco or Walmart, transportation planning seeks to capitalize on similar efficiencies to reduce overall supply chain expenses.