Final answer:
Animals use behavioral adaptations like camouflage and Batesian mimicry to avoid predators, and produce or store chemical repellents such as digitalis to deter predation. Plants, like foxglove, also generate toxic substances to protect against herbivory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Animals use various behavioral adaptations to escape predation, which include mechanisms like camouflage, fleeing, and mimicry. For example, camouflage allows animals to blend in with their surroundings to avoid detection by predators. Another adaptation is mimicry, such as Batesian mimicry, where a harmless species develops similar warning coloration to a harmful species, thereby deceiving predators into thinking they are not palatable or are dangerous.
As for chemical repellents, many animals and plants produce compounds that are toxic or unpleasant to their would-be predators. The foxglove is a plant that produces digitalis, a compound that is toxic when ingested, thus protecting it from herbivores. Similarly, some animals can store these toxic chemicals from plants they consume, or produce their own, to deter predators.
Mechanical and physical defenses, such as armor or thorns, also play a role in protecting against predation and herbivory by causing pain or creating a physical barrier. These adaptations ensure the survival of the species by discouraging predators or making it difficult for them to consume the prey.