Final answer:
An organism with a diet consisting of a wide variety of prey items is called a generalist. These organisms adapt to different environments by making use of different types of food, verging from plants to animals.
Step-by-step explanation:
An organism that eats a large variety of available prey items is known as a generalist. Generalist organisms are capable of thriving in a wide array of environments because they can make use of numerous different resources. This dietary flexibility includes consuming a variety of food types, rather than specializing on a single source of nutrition. Birds, as an example, can be generalists, with diets that encompass varying types of food, as opposed to other birds that may have highly specialized food needs. The term 'generalist' also applies within the broader categories of heterotrophs, or consumers, which also include omnivores that eat both plants and animals.
These characteristics of generalists allow them to adapt to different food availabilities and environmental conditions.