Final answer:
Coordination of movement involves mastering an organism's redundant degrees of freedom and is a concept from motor control theory. The premotor cortex and supplemental motor area are crucial in planning and maintaining posture, while the cerebellum ensures smooth execution and learning of movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The coordination of movement is the process of mastering the redundant degrees of freedom of the moving organism. This term is associated with the motor control theory, which explains how the nervous system coordinates muscles and limbs to perform complex movements. Coordination of movement requires the integration of sensory feedback and motor commands to produce smooth and targeted actions.
Two important regions that assist in the planning and coordinating movements are the premotor cortex and the supplemental motor area. The premotor area helps control movements of the core muscles to maintain posture, while the supplemental motor area is responsible for planning and coordinating learned sequential movements. These areas are active leading up to the initiation of movement, preparing the body for tasks such as driving a car or riding a bike.
The cerebellum plays a critical role in movement coordination, acting as a comparator for voluntary movement and being involved in procedural learning, such as learning motor skills. It helps ensure that movements are executed smoothly by constantly revising the motor commands in response to sensory information.