Final answer:
Aramaic became the traditional spoken language in Judea during the Persian period, used widely in daily life and administration as the Judeans returned from exile and rebuilt their temple.
Step-by-step explanation:
The traditional spoken language in Judea during the Persian period was Aramaic. Following the Babylonian exile, when Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylonia, he permitted Judeans who had been exiled to return to Judah. These returning Judeans, who had retained their culture and religious beliefs while in exile, were allowed to rebuild their temple in Jerusalem and re-establish their way of life under Persian rule. Although they maintained their Hebrew religious texts and culture, Aramaic became the vernacular language used in daily life and administration under the Persians. This reflected the broader administrative practices of the Persians, who often employed existing languages and administrative systems in the territories they governed.