Final answer:
The family of integral membrane proteins that contributes to cell adhesion by connecting cells to the extracellular matrix is known as integrins. These proteins contain two chains, α and β, which span the entire plasma membrane. Integrins are crucial for cell adhesion, signal transduction, and maintaining tissue integrity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Integral Membrane Proteins and Cell Adhesion
The integral membrane protein family involved in attaching cells to their extracellular microenvironment is known as integrins. These proteins are transmembrane proteins that consist of two membrane-spanning chains, α (alpha) and β (beta). Integrins play a crucial role in cell adhesion by anchoring the cell to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mediating communication between the ECM and the intracellular environment. As integral proteins, they have regions that are hydrophobic, which interact with the lipid bilayer, and hydrophilic regions that protrude from the membrane, facilitating interaction with extracellular molecules.
Integrins are not only essential for cell adhesion but also participate in signal transduction, thus influencing cell behavior related to growth, division, and apoptosis. Their ability to pass through the entire plasma membrane and communicate with both the outside and inside of the cell makes them vital for maintaining the structure and function of tissues.