Final answer:
The interaction where one species consumes another and benefits while the other is negatively affected is called predation. This is a type of trophic interaction distinct from parasitism, commensalism, and interspecific competition.
Step-by-step explanation:
The interaction described, where one species consumes the other and thus benefits, while the other is negatively affected, is known as predation. In a predation relationship, one species, called the predator, consumes members of another species, known as the prey. This relationship is a form of trophic interaction
Another similar interaction is parasitism, which is a symbiotic relationship where one species (the parasite) benefits and the other (the host) is harmed. However, predation typically involves the predator killing the prey, which is different from parasitism where the parasite may not kill the host. It's also distinct from commensalism where one species benefits and the other is unaffected, and from interspecific competition where two species depend on the same limiting resources which may lead to negative impacts for both if the resource becomes scarce.