Final answer:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes a Type IV hypersensitive reaction known as delayed-type hypersensitivity, detectable through the Mantoux tuberculin skin test.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of hypersensitive reaction resulting from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a Type IV hypersensitivity, specifically a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). This reaction is cell-mediated, involving the T-helper 1 (TH1) cytokine-mediated inflammatory response, which can take one to two days after secondary exposure to reach its maximal level. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is a classical example of this, where a positive test is indicated by a raised red area called an induration, a sign of cellular immune response indicative of previous exposure to the bacteria.