Final answer:
UTI prevention is linked to maintaining good hygiene, supporting the body's natural defense systems like normal microbiota, and ensuring sterile medical practices. Proper hygiene includes minimizing fecal contamination and promoting regular urination. Using medical devices correctly, avoiding behaviors that introduce pathogens, and hormonal regulation are also key aspects.
Step-by-step explanation:
To prevent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), it is essential to understand the different host-pathogen interactions that may reduce the risk. Normal microbiota serves as a nonspecific defense mechanism in the urogenital system. Good hygiene practices, such as proper washing and using the bathroom following intercourse, can minimize the risk of fecal contamination and subsequently reduce the chances of contracting UTIs. The urogenital tract's flushing action is critical in keeping the ureter and bladder free of microbes. Hormonal influences, particularly shifts in a woman's estrogen levels, can affect susceptibility to infections. It is imperative to maintain a healthy microbiota and promote frequent urination to prevent bacterial colonization.
Moreover, certain behaviors can increase the risk of UTIs, such as improper use of catheters during medical procedures. In Marisa's case, her UTI was likely a result of catheterization where gut microbiota might have been introduced to her urinary tract. To reduce the risk of UTIs, it is important to use medical devices like catheters properly and ensure they are sterile before insertion. The general prevention of urinary tract infections also involves avoiding practices that disrupt the normal microbiota or introduce new pathogens. Thus, UTI prevention encompasses a combination of personal hygiene, proper medical practices, and the body's own defense mechanisms.