Final answer:
When the temperature is lower than the optimal range for bacterial growth, the growth rate of bacteria slows down and they may enter a dormant state. Refrigeration inhibits microbial metabolism and slows down the growth of microorganisms, while extremely low temperatures can damage cell membranes and denature proteins, making it difficult for bacteria to survive and replicate.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the temperature is lower than the optimal range for bacterial growth, the growth of bacteria is significantly slowed down. Bacteria generally multiply most rapidly at temperatures between about 4 and 60 degrees C (40 and 140 degrees F). If the temperature drops below this range, the growth rate of bacteria decreases, and they may even enter a dormant state.
For example, when refrigerated, the temperature range of 0 °C to 7 °C inhibits microbial metabolism, slowing the growth of microorganisms significantly. This is why refrigerators are used to preserve perishable foods and medical supplies.
In extreme cases, extremely low temperatures can damage cell membranes, slow down chemical reactions, and denature proteins, making it difficult for bacteria to survive and replicate.