Final answer:
To see the North Star, Polaris, at about 38° above the horizon, one should be in Sacramento, California, where the latitude is approximately 38°N. Polaris appears at an altitude equal to the local latitude of the observer.
Step-by-step explanation:
To see Polaris, the North Star, appear about 38° above the horizon, your location on Earth should have a latitude of approximately 38°N. The correct answer to the question is c. Sacramento, California (38° 35'N). This is because the altitude of the North Celestial Pole above the horizon is equal to the observer's latitude. In Sacramento, California, the latitude is very close to 38° North, and therefore Polaris would appear approximately 38° above the northern horizon. Locations at the North Pole or in Antarctica would not provide this specific altitude for Polaris, nor would Jacksonville, Florida, which is situated at a lower latitude of 30° 22' N.