Final answer:
The first Female president of the APA was Mary Whiton Calkins, and the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology was Margaret Floy Washburn. Both made significant contributions to the field despite facing gender-based barriers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first Female president of the American Psychological Association was Mary Whiton Calkins. Despite completing all of the requirements towards her PhD in psychology, Harvard University refused to award her the degree due to her gender. Regardless, her research contributed significantly to the field of psychology, particularly in the areas of memory and self-psychology. In contrast, the first woman to actually receive a Ph.D. in psychology was Margaret Floy Washburn. Washburn's pioneering work, notably her book 'The Animal Mind', set a standard for the field of comparative psychology for over two decades.
Both women played significant roles in shaping the field of psychology and encountered gender-based barriers in their educational and professional journeys. Even without formal recognition from Harvard, Calkins went on to become an influential figure in psychology, serving as APA president in 1905. Washburn's scholarly contributions have been acknowledged through her historic achievement, earning the first doctoral degree in psychology awarded to a woman.