Final answer:
Plato is the Greek philosopher who believed that character and intelligence are inherited. He described the ideal of philosopher-kings in 'The Republic,' highlighting the significance of education and innate qualities in leadership.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Greek philosopher who assumed that character and intelligence are inherited was Plato. In his seminal work, The Republic, Plato discussed the concept of philosopher-kings as ideal rulers. These leaders were to be raised from childhood to understand intellectual concepts deeply and to govern wisely. Plato emphasized the importance of a leader's education and innate qualities, suggesting that leadership traits could be inherited. His idea influenced generations of leaders who attempted to model their governance on his philosophy of wise and benevolent rulers guided by reason.