Final answer:
Psychology has four goals: to describe, explain, predict, and change behavior, based on scientific assumptions that emphasize empirical evidence, the scientific method, and transparency through replication. Psychology utilizes these principles to inform both public policy and personal decisions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four main goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and change behavior. Psychologists operate under the assumption that the study of behavior can be approached scientifically, which involves several key principles:
- Empirical evidence: Gathering objective, tangible evidence that can be consistently observed.
- Use of the scientific method: Formulating hypotheses within the framework of a broader theory and then testing these hypotheses through observation or experimentation.
- Replication and public scrutiny: Sharing results with the scientific community to verify findings and advance knowledge.
- Contribution to public policy and personal decisions: Using psychological research to inform and guide policies and individual choices.
The scientific assumptions and attitudes of psychologists include the belief that behaviors and mental processes can be measured and analyzed using the tools of science. These assumptions also hold that science is cumulative and self-correcting, and it is the best method we have for understanding psychological phenomena. The application of these principles has led to the development of various fields within psychology, demonstrating the field's diversity and its relevance to multiple areas of life.