Final answer:
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior, having evolved from philosophical underpinnings to a robust empirical science. Its growth has been influenced by contributions from philosophy and physiology, leading to a field that spans natural and social sciences with various specializations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of Psychology
Psychology is defined as the scientific study of mind and behavior. It is a discipline that entails the application of scientific methods to understand complex human behaviors and cognitive processes.
Evolution of Psychology
The evolution of psychology has been significantly shaped by its separation from philosophy and its intersection with physiology. The shift from a philosophical viewpoint to a more empirical science was marked by the work of scholars such as Wilhelm Wundt and William James in the late 19th century. Over time, psychology has embraced diverse paradigms, moving from structuralism to advancements in biological psychology and cognitive science.
The influence of philosophy and physiology on psychology has been substantial. The discipline has moved away from purely theoretical propositions and has advanced with empirical evidence and discoveries in natural sciences like biology, particularly in areas like neurology, which closely examine the biological underpinnings of behavior.
Psychology as a Science and Social Science
Psychology is unique in that it can be seen both as a natural science, due to its exploration of biological factors contributing to behavior, and a social science, in its examination of societal influences on behavior. The field has expanded to include numerous areas of study, including biopsychology, cognitive psychology, developmental, personality, industrial and organizational psychology, and more. The integration of neuroscience and a resurgent focus on mental processes during the cognitive revolution further diversified the field.