Final answer:
Langley's conclusions concern injuries from sharp and blunt objects, not gunshot wounds. A penetrating bullet would first move through the parietal pleura of the right or left pleural cavity and the mediastinum. There isn't enough context to determine which of the listed conclusions Langley made about gunshot wound specifics.
Step-by-step explanation:
From the references provided, it can be deduced that the conclusion Langley might have reached in their article is not directly related to determinations about gunshot wounds, but about injuries inflicted by sharp or blunt objects. These conclusions included being able to determine that injuries were caused by objects with a lot of energy and the ability to infer the type of object based on the injury (e.g., a heavy and sharp object resembling an ax or sword handle which might shatter a skull).
Regarding the question about a bullet penetrating a lung, the three anterior thoracic body cavities it would enter are the right and left pleural cavities and the mediastinum. The layer of the serous membrane it would encounter first would be the parietal pleura.
For the final provided question, without additional context, it's difficult to determine how it relates to Langley's article or the specifics of the medical scenario. Moreover, the provided information seems incomplete for determining an answer.