Final answer:
The receptor organ for the auditory system in the inner ear is the Organ of Corti, located in the cochlea, which converts mechanical vibrations into the electrical signals that our brain interprets as sound.
Step-by-step explanation:
The receptor organ of the inner ear for the auditory system is the Organ of Corti, also known as the spiral organ. It is found within the cochlea and is responsible for transducing mechanical waves into electrical signals that the brain can interpret as sound. The Organ of Corti contains hair cells, with stereocilia that reach up to and touch the tectorial membrane. These hair cells are mechanoreceptors, which when stimulated by vibrations open gated ion channels, leading to the depolarization of the hair cell membrane and the transmission of a signal to the auditory nerve. This process allows us to hear and discern sounds of different volumes and pitches.