Final answer:
Option (c), Effective shareholder-firm relationship management involves tools such as a balanced board of directors, regular shareholder meetings, clear annual reports, and an engaged CEO, all aimed at maintaining transparent and responsible corporate governance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The management of shareholder-firm relationships is crucial for a company's success and good corporate governance. Tools for managing these relationships may include a board of directors balanced between family and independent members to provide oversight, regular shareholder meetings, and family meetings to keep shareholders informed and involved.
However, in managing these relationships, it is not just about formal structures; the board must actively represent the interests of the true owners, the shareholders, in order to perform its role effectively. As seen in cases such as Lehman Brothers, when corporate governance fails, it can result in a lack of accurate financial information being provided to investors, which can have disastrous consequences.