Final answer:
The option that is NOT a physiological impairment from chronic LBP is 'Muscle guarding', as it is a protective mechanism. Physiological impairments such as abnormal movements, disuse syndrome, and muscle atrophy are associated with chronic LBP.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of chronic low back pain (LBP), which among the listed options is NOT a physiological impairment?
- Abnormal movements
- Disuse syndrome
- Muscle atrophy
- Muscle guarding
All the listed options except 'Muscle guarding' generally represent the physiological impairments associated with chronic LBP. Muscle guarding is an involuntary action where muscles contract to minimize motion that can potentially cause further pain or injury, which is typically a protective mechanism rather than an impairment. Physiological impairments such as abnormal movements, disuse syndrome, and muscle atrophy can occur due to chronic LBP. 'Disuse syndrome' results from physical inactivity leading to muscle weakening and atrophy, as seen in prolonged periods of immobilization like bed rest. 'Muscle atrophy' happens when there is a loss of muscle mass due to disuse or lack of physical activity. On the other hand, abnormal movements can arise as a compensatory mechanism or due to pain avoidance, and they may lead to further dysfunction or discomfort.