Final answer:
Encryption is a preventive control that protects data by converting it into a secure code to prevent unauthorized access. It proactively safeguards data integrity and confidentiality, unlike emergency response teams, log analysis, and intrusion detection, which are response or detective controls.
Step-by-step explanation:
Preventive controls aim to decrease the chance of errors and fraud before they occur, and often revolve around the concept of separation of duties. From a quality standpoint, preventive controls are essential because they are proactive and focused on quality.
Encryption is an example of a preventive control. Preventive controls are measures taken to prevent security incidents before they occur. Encryption is the process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access, providing a layer of security for data both at rest and in transit. It is considered a preventive measure because it proactively protects data integrity and confidentiality.
Other options mentioned, such as emergency response teams, log analysis, and intrusion detection, are different types of controls. Emergency response teams are a response control, meant to act after an incident occurs. Log analysis and intrusion detection are detective controls, designed to identify and record potential security events as they happen.