Final answer:
Astronomers avoid light pollution by placing observatories away from cities, in dry and high-altitude regions. They also support initiatives like the International Dark-Sky Association to combat the broader impacts of light pollution on the environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Astronomers minimize the effects of light pollution by locating observatories at least 100 miles away from large cities to ensure the sky above the telescope remains dark. They also seek areas with dry climates at high altitudes because these conditions reduce the water vapor in the air, which in turn helps in reducing atmospheric absorption of starlight. To further combat light pollution, organizations such as the International Dark-Sky Association provide resources and support citizen science efforts like the Globe at Night project, where individuals can measure and compare local light levels. The problem of light pollution extends beyond astronomy, as it also affects wildlife, contributes to excess energy usage, and exacerbates global warming.