Final answer:
The provided material does not specify the outcome of the case People v. Whittaker (1966). However, it does describe significant legal precedents, such as Gideon v. Wainwright's guarantee of legal counsel and the Supreme Court's ruling against executing people with intellectual disabilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The outcome of the case People v. Whittaker (1966) is not detailed in the information provided, as none of the excerpts provided explicitly mention the case of People v. Whittaker. However, from the information given, there are descriptions of various legal cases that highlight important legal precedents and principles. For instance, cases such as Gideon v. Wainwright highlight the right to legal counsel regardless of ability to pay, and the Supreme Court ruling that barred executions of individuals with intellectual disabilities as being 'cruel and unusual punishments' according to the Eighth Amendment. Moreover, the case Woodson v. North Carolina demonstrated that mandatory death sentences are unconstitutional.
Legal cases have continually shaped and reshaped the justice system and civil liberties, reflecting evolving societal values and legal interpretations. It is these court decisions that often have long-term implications for individuals' rights and the application of justice in the United States.