Final answer:
The small intestine absorbs various substances, including glucose, galactose, fructose, amino acids, and vitamins. Disaccharides such as sucrose and lactose are first broken down into monosaccharides before they can be absorbed. Option C, which includes glucose, minerals, amino acids, vitamins, and alcohol, is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Substances absorbed in the small intestine include monosaccharides like glucose, galactose, and fructose, amino acids, and vitamins, among others. Sucrose and lactose are disaccharides that are broken down into their monosaccharide components by enzymes like sucrase and lactase respectively before absorption. Additionally, the small intestine absorbs alcohol and other nutrients as well.
Carbohydrate Absorption
All carbohydrates are absorbed as monosaccharides. The small intestine excels in absorbing these sugars at an efficient rate. For instance, sucrose, when broken down, contributes to the absorption of glucose and fructose.
Protein Absorption
Proteins are digested into amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides, which are then ready for absorption. These form a crucial part of the nutrient uptake in the small intestine.
Considering the digestion and absorption processes, the correct option for substances absorbed in the small intestine is: glucose, minerals, amino acids, vitamins, alcohol which are mainly the end products digested by the intestine.