Final answer:
The "three teachings" of China are Confucianism, which stresses moral virtues and societal roles; Daoism, advocating harmony with nature; and Buddhism, focusing on the "middle way" and Four Noble Truths to overcome suffering.
Step-by-step explanation:
The "three teachings" of ancient China refer to Confucianism, Daoism (Taoism), and Buddhism. These philosophical and religious schools of thought have significantly influenced Chinese culture, ethics, and politics.
Confucianism
Confucianism, developed by Confucius (Kong Fuzi), focuses on the importance of education and societal order. It emphasizes the five constant virtues: benevolence (ren), righteousness (yi), propriety (li), wisdom (zhi), and trustworthiness (xin). Confucianism encourages respect for elders and rulers and details five key relationships: parent-child, ruler-minister, husband-wife, elder-younger sibling, and friends.
Daoism
Daoism is characterized by a naturalistic and non-theological approach to life, advocating harmony with the Dao, or the natural way of the world. It calls for an alignment of one's actions with the yin and yang forces of the universe.
Buddhism
Buddhism was introduced to China from India, encouraging the practice of the "middle way" for a moral life. Central to its teachings are the Four Noble Truths which guide individuals toward the cessation of suffering through non-attachment.