Question

Which of the following statements best describes the level of specificity involved in an adaptive immune response?

a. responses are so specific that if a new pathogen invades the body, the adaptive immune system is ineffective
b. adaptive immune responses are basically the same as innate immune responses
c. there is a general set of responses that can be used against generalized pathogen antigens
d. responses are precisely tailored against specific pathogens

Answer 1

The adaptive immune response is exceptionally specific, capable of developing an extensive variety of receptors to target nearly any pathogen. It includes establishing immunological memory, allowing the body to respond more effectively upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

Step-by-step explanation:

The adaptive immune response is highly specific and tailored to particular pathogens. It significantly differs from the innate immune response, which provides a general defense mechanism. The adaptive immune response employs specialized cells such as B and T lymphocytes that recognize antigens associated with pathogens through specific receptors. This system is capable of developing up to 100 trillion different receptors, enabling it to target nearly any pathogen with precision.

Upon first exposure to a pathogen, the adaptive immune system mounts a primary response, which can lead to primary disease due to the time required to become effective. However, once the response is established, the adaptive immunity creates immunological memory, which allows for a faster and more potent response to subsequent encounters with the same pathogen. '

Therefore, the adaptive immune response benefits from both specificity and memory, equipping the body with long-term protection.