Final answer:
B cells are covered by about 50,000 molecules of a membrane bound receptor antibody known as the B-cell receptor (BCR). BCRs enable B cells to bind to specific antigens, triggering their differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells as part of the adaptive immune response.
Step-by-step explanation:
B cells are lymphocytes produced in the bone marrow that are covered by about 50,000 molecules of a membrane bound receptor antibody on their surface. This structure is called the B-cell receptor (BCR).
B cells are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, with their primary function being the production of antibodies.
B cells express membrane-bound immunoglobulins which function as B-cell receptors (BCRs). These receptors bind specific antigens, and upon antigen binding, B cells can differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
Mature B cells are produced in the bone marrow and travel to lymphoid organs, where they are prepared to respond to pathogens.
The BCR is essential for the function of B cells, as it allows for the specific identification and binding of antigens.
The receptors are composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, each having constant and variable regions, with the latter being responsible for antigen binding.
As part of their immune response, B cells can also function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), engaging with helper T cells to amplify the immune response.