Final answer:
Weak physical side bonds formed by the attraction between opposite electrical charges are seen in hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, and ionic bonds, with hydrogen bonds in water as a common example.
Step-by-step explanation:
Weak physical side bonds that result from an attraction between opposite electrical charges are often observed in chemical bonding. In particular, these weak bonds can be seen in hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, and ionic bonds.
Hydrogen bonds occur when the positive part of one water molecule is attracted to the negative part of another, creating a bond between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. Dipole-dipole forces are similar to ionic bonds but involve only partial charges and are therefore much weaker.
These forces occur when the positive end of one dipole is attracted to the negative end of a neighboring dipole.
Covalent bonds are also due to electrostatic attraction, but in this case, they are between the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms and the electrons they share.
While ionic bonds result from electrostatic forces of attraction between cations and anions, where electrons are transferred, covalent bonds result from electrons being shared between atoms.