Final answer:
The extracellular and intracellular spaces are protected by the adaptive immune response, involving B cells for extracellular defense and T cells for intracellular pathogens, alongside the creation of memory cells for quick future responses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The extracellular and intracellular space is defended by your adaptive immune response. This multilayered defense system is complex and consists of both the innate and adaptive immunity. The innate immune response includes physical barriers like skin and acts immediately, while the adaptive immunity involves a highly specific reaction by specialized cells and develops over time.
The two main cell types in the adaptive immune system are B and T lymphocytes. B cells mediate the humoral response, defending against pathogens in extracellular spaces by producing antibodies. On the other hand, T cells are responsible for the cellular immune response, eliminating intracellular pathogens and also playing a key role in orchestrating both adaptive and innate immune responses.
Memory cells, which are a product of the adaptive immune system, provide a quick and efficient response in case of reinfection, showcasing the capacity of the immune system to remember and respond more vigorously to previously encountered pathogens.