Final answer:
A merodiploid is not a diploid organism missing part of its genome; this statement is false. Merodiploidy pertains to bacteria with additional copies of genes, not missing genetic material, while terms like euploid, aneuploid, and polyploidy describe organisms with correct, missing, or extra chromosome sets, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that a merodiploid is a diploid organism that is missing part of its genome is false. A merodiploid refers to a bacterial cell that possesses two copies of some genes, typically one on the chromosome and another on an extra chromosomal fragment or plasmid, not a diploid organism missing part of its genome.
A euploid is actually an organism with the correct number of chromosomes, whereas an organism with missing or extra chromosomes is aneuploid (such as monosomy or trisomy).
When discussing organisms with more chromosome sets than is typical for their species, such as more than two for diploids, the correct term is polyploidy. Polyploid organisms have more sets of chromosomes, which in plants can lead to larger and more robust individuals, while in animals it often results in sterility due to complications in meiosis.