Final answer:
Chromatography is the term for a variety of techniques in which a mixture of dissolved components is fractionated as it moves through a porous matrix. It is based on differential interactions between the components and the stationary and mobile phases.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for a variety of techniques in which a mixture of dissolved components is fractionated as it moves through a porous matrix is chromatography.
In chromatography, the mixture is separated based on the differential interaction between the components and the stationary and mobile phases. Different components have different affinity for the stationary phase, resulting in their separation as they move through the porous matrix.
Example of chromatography techniques include liquid-solid column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).