Final answer:
The Sumerians could grow enough food to support a division of labor, leading to specialization in various professions. This advancement was essential in forming their civilization and allowing for social hierarchy and roles beyond agriculture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Sumerians grew enough food to allow for a division of labor is true. The development of agriculture in regions such as the Fertile Crescent led to the domestication of animals and the deliberate planting of grains, resulting in a stable and reliable food supply. This surplus of food enabled the population to settle in one area and specialize in various professions beyond farming. As a result, the Sumerians had different individuals performing specific tasks like farming, crafting, and conducting religious rituals, which is a characteristic element of an advanced civilization.
The Sumerian city of Eridu became the world's first city partly due to the surplus of food which allowed for specialized labor. This included weavers, physicians, and priests who exchanged goods and services within this early civilization. The capacity to produce a surplus of food meant not everyone needed to focus on agriculture, allowing some Sumerians to become traders, stoneworkers, religious leaders, and other types of elites.