Final answer:
Calcium metabolism is regulated by the exchange between the ECF and the kidneys, parathyroid glands, and skeletal, endocrine, and digestive systems. These organs work together to maintain normal calcium levels in the blood, which is critical for various biological processes. The kidneys play a major role in regulating calcium levels through synthesis of active vitamin D and hormone release.
Step-by-step explanation:
Calcium metabolism is regulated by the exchange between the extracellular fluid (ECF) and three organs: the kidneys, the parathyroid glands, and the skeletal, endocrine, and digestive systems. These organs work together to maintain normal calcium levels in the blood, which is critical for various biological processes such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and blood clotting.
The kidneys play a major role in regulating calcium levels by synthesizing active vitamin D and producing hormones like erythropoietin (EPO) that stimulate red blood cell development and help regulate blood pressure. The parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to blood calcium levels, which helps increase calcium release from bone and enhances its absorption in the intestines. The skeletal, endocrine, and digestive systems also contribute to calcium homeostasis.
In summary, the regulation of calcium metabolism depends on the control of exchange between the extracellular fluid (ECF) and the kidneys, parathyroid glands, and skeletal, endocrine, and digestive systems.