Final answer:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease in which the myelin sheaths wrapped around nerve cell axons are damaged. This damage is associated with the immune system attacking the cells that produce the myelin sheaths, called oligodendrocytes, in the central nervous system (CNS).
Step-by-step explanation:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that is associated with the damage to the myelin sheaths wrapped around axons of nerve cells. The myelin sheaths are produced by a type of glial cell called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the oligodendrocytes, leading to the destruction of the myelin sheaths and impairment of nerve signal conduction.
This injury to the myelin sheaths is a key feature of MS and contributes to the various symptoms experienced by individuals with the disease, such as muscle weakness, coordination difficulties, and cognitive deficits.