Final answer:
Social deviance is the violation of social norms, which might not be punishable, while a crime is the violation of law and is subject to formal sanctions. Deviance can foster social change and is not necessarily bad, with responses typically being informal sanctions. Crime involves legal consequences and is addressed by the legal system.
Step-by-step explanation:
Social deviance is a breach of norms; crime is a breach of law. Social deviance refers to any action that goes against the established social norms, whether they be folkways, mores, or codified laws. These norms are contextual and can vary widely between different cultures and societies. Deviant behavior is not always punishable or negative, and can in fact contribute to societal change. However, a crime specifically involves the violation of laws that are formally enacted by legislation and enforced by the state, carrying official penalties or sanctions.
A crime can be considered a form of deviance, however, not all deviant acts are crimes. For example, wearing inappropriate attire to a formal event might be socially deviant but not against the law. Official responses to crime are more severe, including formal penalties such as fines, imprisonment, or other legal consequences. Societal responses to deviance tend to involve informal sanctions, such as social disapproval or ostracization.