Final answer:
In geography, 'peripheral' refers to regions at the margins of a larger area, often with less economic and political influence than 'core' areas. Peripheral nations provide resources and labor to more developed core nations and may face developmental challenges and 'brain drain.' Semi-peripheries share characteristics of both and are often developing or industrializing nations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term peripheral in the given context refers to areas or countries that are on the outer edge or margins of a geographical region or economic structure. In the case of Europe, peripheral areas are those countries located on the edges of the continent, which might not be as economically developed or central as other countries. These regions often provide raw materials and agricultural products, have economies that are less diversified, and are subject to issues like "brain drain," where educated individuals leave for better opportunities elsewhere.
Peripheral nations are generally dominated by more developed core nations and have lesser industrialization. A semi-periphery falls between these two, showing characteristics of both core and peripheral areas, often including countries actively developing or industrializing. Peripheral regions globally support the economic cores by supplying resources and labor, often at the expense of their own development and prosperity.
The concept of core-periphery demonstrates the unequal distribution of economic, political, and cultural power, both within a country and in the global economy. Urban core areas, such as New York City, London, and Tokyo, serve as global market centers with significant political power, while peripheral areas often have fewer opportunities, instigating migration towards these economic hubs.