Final answer:
A tendon is a strong, fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone and is surrounded by a lubricating tendon sheath at joints. Synovial joints include various supporting structures like intrinsic ligaments, articular cartilage, and bursae to reduce friction and provide joint stability.
Step-by-step explanation:
A tendon is a dense connective tissue structure that attaches a muscle to bone. It is designed to withstand tension as muscles contract and exert force on the bones. At synovial joints, where bones achieve movement, the tendon crosses these joints and is surrounded by a tendon sheath. This sheath contains lubricating fluid to prevent friction and enable smooth movements of the tendon. Furthermore, additional supportive structures like intrinsic ligaments, which are located entirely within the articular capsule, and a lubricating synovial fluid fill the joint cavity to facilitate motion and reduce wear.
Aside from tendons and tendon sheaths, other structures associated with synovial joints include articular cartilage which covers bone ends, and fibrocartilages like menisci and articular discs that add cushioning or aid in joint stability. Bursae are fluid-filled sacs between the muscle tendons and bone that also prevent friction. All these components work together to provide protection, support, and smooth operation of the joints.