Final answer:
Sniffing refers to the capture of data packets on a network which can be used for monitoring or malicious intent, utilizing packet sniffers. An Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is a sophisticated type of cyberattack aimed at the prolonged, unauthorized access to a network in order to exfiltrate sensitive data, often executed by state actors or major criminal entities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sniffing is a technique used in network monitoring where someone captures data packets as they travel across a network. The primary purpose can be to monitor network traffic to diagnose or troubleshoot network issues. However, sniffing can also be used maliciously to intercept unencrypted data, including usernames, passwords, and other sensitive information. Tools known as packet sniffers are used for this purpose, and they can operate in a variety of network environments.
An Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is a sophisticated, prolonged and stealthy cyberattack in which an intruder gains access to a network and remains undetected for an extended period of time. The intent of an APT is usually to steal data rather than to cause damage to the network or organization. APTs are commonly sponsored by nation-states or large criminal organizations and are particularly threatening due to their techniques, which include a mix of advanced hacking skills, social engineering, and use of zero-day vulnerabilities.