Question

What caused the Western Schism (1378–1417) and what was its effect on Europe?

A- Unusually warm weather and increased rain caused deadly food shortages.
B- Rival popes declared war causing widespread fighting and destruction across Europe.
C- Disease spreading rats infected Europeans causing the population to decline by nearly half.
D- Rival popes damaged respect for the Church causing an increase in nationalism.

PLEASE HELP ASAP IM TAKING THE EXAM RN

Answer 1

The Western Schism was caused by leadership crises and multiple claims to the papacy, leading to a period of division within the Church which damaged its authority and increased nationalism across Europe. The correct answer is option: D- Rival popes damaged respect for the Church causing an increase in nationalism.

Step-by-step explanation:

The cause of the Western Schism (1378–1417) was the simultaneous appointment of multiple popes after the return of the papal court to Rome, which led to conflicting claims to the papacy. These events were exacerbated by earlier issues such as the Avignon papacy and growing internal church tensions.

The effect of the Western Schism on Europe was significant. It damaged the respect for the Church, leading to questions about its piety and integrity and increasing nationalist sentiments as different regions began to assert more autonomy from Church authority. The resolution of the schism by the Council of Constance, which led to the resignation of multiple popes, marked the end of this period of division within the Christian community.